Apa itu Bahasa slang Inggris
Slang artinya adalah bahasa informal yang sering kali digunakan dalam percakapan kasual oleh kelompok tertentu.
Slang word Inggris atau bahasa gaul inggris adalah bahasa informal yang biasa digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris untuk berbincang dalam suasana akrab atau non formal.
Dengan menguasai word slang inggris maka kamu bisa dinilai tidak hanya menguasai bahasa Inggris secara teori saja melainkan juga bisa diterapkan di kehidupan sehari-hari dan sosial.
Tentu saja hal ini sangat mendukung kemampuan berbahasa Inggrismu apalagi jika sudah bersosial dengan para native speaker.
Jadi nggak kaku banget…
Di percakapan yang akrab, penuh bercandaan dan bahkan juga satire slang bahasa inggris ini sangat bisa dipakai atau juga disisipkan.
Untuk itu sangat perlu memahami arti dan penggunaan slang bahasa Inggris, sebab jika salah penempatan akan membuat slang yang digunakan beda arti bahkan bisa menyinggung seseorang.
Seperti halnya bahasa gaul di Indonesia, slang words ini juga cukup variatif dan selalu ada yang baru. Slang words lama bisa ditinggalkan diganti slang word yang lebih up to date.
Pernah gak, Sobat Pijar lagi asik nonton film bahasa Inggris terus pemerannya ngucapin kata atau kalimat yang artinya sangat berbeda dengan yang kalian ketahui selama ini?
Wah bisa jadi mereka lagi ngucapin slang words atau kata-kata gaul, lho!
Sebenarnya, apa sih english slang words itu? Kok bisa artinya jauh banget dari arti harfiah kata tertentu? Kalau mau tau lebih lanjut, yuk terus baca!
Baca juga: Present Perfect Tense : Pembahasan Rumus, Contoh Kalimat, Soal & Kunci Jawaban
Tentunya Sobat Pijar tahu kan maksud dari kata-kata bucin, mager, dan galau? Biasanya sih kata-kata tersebut diucapkan ketika sedang bercanda dan ngobrol biasa dengan teman.
Nah, seperti halnya di bahasa Indonesia, bahasa Inggris juga mempunyai kata-kata atau bahasa gaul yang sering digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari dengan teman dalam konteks informal.
Karena kemajuan teknologi dan komunikasi, slang words ini sering kita jumpai di sosial media dan menjadi gaya komunikasi anak muda dan remaja, sehingga terkadang kita mengira slang adalah bahasa Inggris normal yang bisa digunakan secara lisan maupun tertulis.
Berikut daftar 200 slang bahasa Inggris dalam terbagi dalam American, British, dan Australian slang.
Jika kamu penikmat film-film Marvel Cinematic Universe, slang words berikut mungkin familiar di telingamu.
Baca juga: Noun (Kata Benda) | Definisi, Fungsi, Jenis, dan Contoh Kalimatnya
Penikmat Harry Potter dan Peaky Blinders biasanya lebih terpapar dengan slang words dari negeri Ratu Elizabeth ini.
Mungkin banyak slang words dari negara kanguru ini masih terdengar asing bagimu nih, Sobat Pijar.
Baca juga: 7 Tips Belajar Bahasa Inggris untuk Pemula
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Itulah 203 slang words yang terbagi dalam dalam American, British, dan Australian english yang bisa kamu gunakan agar bahasa Inggrismu terdengar seperti penutur asli. Tapi ingat ya, penggunaan slang words ini hanya dalam situasi tidak formal seperti percakapan sehari-hari dan caption di sosial media. Jangan gunakan kata-kata tersebut dalam tugas essay bahasa Inggrismu, ya!
Jika ingin belajar bahasa Inggris lebih lengkap sesuai dengan jenjang pendidikanmu, yuk gunakan Pijar Belajar sekarang juga! Mulai dari 10 ribu rupiah perbulan, kamu bisa mengakses video materi pelajaran, buku pelajaran elektronik, dan juga latihan soal beserta penjelasannya, lho! Keren banget kan?
Yuk download Pijar Belajar sekarang juga di Google Play Store ponselmu!
Slang Words and Phrases, UMass, Amherst, https://www.umass.edu.
American Slang Explained, Word Tips, https://word.tips/grammar/american-slang/
British slang words & phrases, Oxford International English, https://www.oxfordinternationalenglish.com/dictionary-of-british-slang/.
What is slang? And when do you use slang?, IDP Australia, https://ielts.com.au/australia/prepare/article-australian-slang-words-phrases.
I miss my wife’s scrummy cooking. Kamu tahu nggak, kalimat di atas mengandung salah satu vocab dari slang bahasa Inggris, lo. Yap, di sana ada kosakata scrummy yang artinya enak atau lezat. Yuk, ketahui berbagai slang bahasa Inggris lainnya melalui artikel ini!
As we know, salah satu kunci agar kita lancar berbahasa Inggris adalah dengan menguasai banyak kosakata alias vocabulary.
Sebelumnya, English Academy sudah membahas salah satu cara untuk menambah perbendaharaan vocab melalui artikel 127 Istilah-istilah Gaul Bahasa Jaksel untuk Menambah Kosakata Bahasa Inggris-mu. Sekarang, kita akan menambah vocab dari slang words atau slang bahasa Inggris ya!
Jadi, slang bahasa Inggris adalah kosakata dan istilah-istilah yang biasanya bersifat non-fromal.
Kalau berbicara dengan slang words, kamu akan dianggap sebagai orang yang memahami bahasa Inggris nggak hanya secara teori, tapi juga secara budaya dari sang native speaker.
Lalu, sebenarnya apa itu slang words atau slang bahasa Inggris? Let us tell you, guys!
Geographic distribution
Indonesian slang language is mostly spoken in urban regions of the Indonesian archipelago. It also spoken in some Indonesian soap operas and animated television series (such as Tukang Ojek Pengkolan or Adit Sopo Jarwo). Variations of slang language can be found from city to city, mainly characterised by derivatives of the different local ethnic languages. For example, in Bandung, West Java, the local slang language contains vocabulary from the Sundanese language, while the slang found in Jakarta tends to be heavily influenced by English or the old Batavian dialect (i.e. the language of the original inhabitants of Jakarta or Batavia as it was known during the Dutch colonial period). For more information relating to the geographic distribution of Indonesian slang and regional influences, please see "Region Specific Slang" below.
Indonesian slang language is not an official language of Indonesia. However, it is claimed as a modified form of the Indonesian language and is widely used for everyday communication and in informal situations. Sometimes it is mixed with formal Indonesian in formal situations, except during state ceremonies, business meetings, and sacred prayers. A number of Indonesians sometimes speak a mixture of Indonesian slang and formal Indonesian in everyday conversation and informal situations.
Indonesian slang generally uses the same pronunciation as standard Indonesian, although there are many influences from regional dialects on certain aspects such as accent and grammatical structure. Loan words adopted from foreign languages (especially European) such as English or Dutch are often transliterated according to the modern Indonesian orthography. For example, the word "please" is often written as plis. Another closely related phenomenon to arise in recent years is the formation of complex nouns or phrases created using a combination of English and Indonesian (slang) in the one sentence. A prime example of this is the phrase "so what gitu loh!", meaning "who cares?!" or quite simply "so what!" with added emphasis from the phrase "gitu loh". Gitu is an abbreviated form of the Indonesian word begitu meaning 'like that/such as', while loh (also spelt lho) is a particle commonly used in slang or conversational Indonesian to show surprise or instigate a warning. In these cases of combined, interlingual phrases, the original spelling (and quite often the pronunciation) of the foreign word(s) are retained. Hence, the English component of the Indonesian slang phrase "so what gitu loh!" remains relatively unchanged as far as spelling and pronunciation are concerned.
The overall structure of Indonesian slang is not all that different from formal Indonesian, although in many cases sentences are simplified or shortened when necessary. The differences between formal and colloquial Indonesian are most evident in vocabulary and grammatical structures (e.g. affixes).
The structure of the Indonesian slang language is mostly derived from formal Indonesian. However, its vocabularies are different story altogether. Indonesian slang vocabularies are enriched by a combination of derivatives or loan words/structures from foreign languages such as Min Nan commonly referred to as Hokkien, English, and Dutch, as well as local ethnic languages such as Batavian, Sundanese, and Javanese. However, in many cases, new words are simply created at random and their origins often quite obscure.
A large proportion of the vocabulary used in Indonesian slang language was developed from formal Indonesian through several methods,[5] most of which are listed below:
Some words are simply loaned from English. For example:
Some words are also loaned from Chinese languages (mainly Hokkien and Mandarin). For example:
Some words originated from the LGBT community (especially among transvestites) usually have word ending -ong. This either come from the pattern of changing the vocal of the penult into [ɛ] and replacing the rime of the ultima with -ong, or entirely different origin. This was also an attempt among LGBT community to alter the words to become more "French-sounding", thus sounding more sexy.[citation needed] For example:
Many words also emerged without following the above rules at all or have their own unique history and/or origin not related to its literal meaning. For example:
Some of these slang words have also evolved into pejorative words.
Many slang modal particles are used in the end of a sentence. Usually, these particles do not directly change the sentence's meaning, in the sense that the truth conditions remain the same. However, they can have other effects, such as emphasizing a sentence, or suggesting hesitancy. They can be used to reinforce the social link between speaker and listener.[56]
For example, the sentence Dia datang (she/he comes) could be modified by one of the following particles:
Particles can also be used to introduce questions. The following examples could both be translated as How could she come?:
Kumpul kebo literally means 'water buffalo-style gathering' or 'gather like cattle'. It originated during the Dutch colonial era and was known as koempoel gebouw, from koempoel 'to gather' and Dutch gebouw 'building', thus the phrase means to live together under the same roof (as an unmarried couple). Confusion has caused this term to be linked with Javanese kebo 'buffalo'. This term basically means that two people in a relationship are living together without being married, i.e. in a domestic partnership or a de facto relationship. To kumpul kebo in Indonesia is considered immoral and sometimes illicit. For these reasons and also those relating to religion, Asian culture, and general ethics, it is often frowned upon in modern Indonesian society to do such a thing.
The 1980s was the era of bahasa prokem. At this time slang language vocabulary was formed by the insertion of the infix -ok-, creating a totally new word. Prokem itself is a prokem word from préman.
Prokem words created by reducing the ultima, then inserting the infix -ok- before the vocal of the penult (which is now become the ultima). If the penult is an open syllable, the penult taking the nearest consonant after it as its coda. If the word is monosyllabic, the infix simply inserted before the vocal. Examples are given below, with the vocal of the penult marked with bold and the nearest consonant marked with underscore:
The word sekolah 'school' was transformed into skokul, from skul, reminiscent of the English word "school". This word slowly become outdated and by the 1990s the word was no longer used, and changed to sekul or simply skul.
Other notable words such as mémblé 'ugly, frowning', kecé 'beautiful, good looking' (from keren cekali 'very cool'), the sentence attribute nih yé, and the exclamation "alamakjan!" all emerged in the same decade.
Much of the slang language created post-2000 originated from the Indonesian LGBT community. The latest method for transforming a word is to take a totally different word which differs in its ultima, rime, or coda. For example, the word mau 'want' is replaced with the word mawar 'rose'. Despite its creativity and originality, this latest form of Indonesian slang can be quite complicated to understand, even to the native Indonesians themselves. For example, "Akika tinta mawar macarena" originates from the sentence written in proper Indonesian "Aku tidak mau makan", which means 'I don't want to eat'.
The abbreviations often used to mask insult, such as kamseupay 'totally lame', abbreviation of kampungan sekali udik payah which means 'really bumpkinish, yokel, lame'.
Region specific slang
Medan is the capital of North Sumatra Province. Most of the slang from Medan are heavily influenced by Malay, Hokkien and Karo language. For example, "bapa" for "father", "nande" for "mother", "kedé" for "shop", "tutup lampu" for "turn off the light", "buka radio" for "turn on the radio". Another example of Medan slang is by adding "punya" at the end of the sentence. For example, "mobil aku punya" for "my car". They also have the tendency to confuse between e /ə/ and é /e/, partially due to the fact that most of nearby Batak languages lack the former vowel, the schwa.
Slang Words Bahasa Inggris untuk Mengobrol dengan Teman dan Artinya
Slang bahasa Inggris di bawah ini bisa kamu gunakan saat mengobrol dengan teman atau sahabatmu, gengs. Jadi, obrolanmu bisa semakin asik dan nggak terlalu kaku. Intip, yuk!
38. Don’t mess up with me: Jangan main-main denganku. 39. Just drop it: Lupakan saja. 40. On purpose: Sengaja. 41. Don’t screw: Jangan mengacaukannya. 42. No matter: Tidak peduli. 43. It’s a wrap: Sudah selesai. 44. Blow me: Bikin aku terkesan. 45. Arm in arm: Bergandengan. 46. Buck up: Tersenyumlah. 47. Your six: Di belakangmu. 48. Gotta run: Harus pergi. 49. Any road: Plesetan dari anyway, artinya sama, yaitu “ngomong-ngomong”. 50. Above all: Yang terpenting. 51. What’s with you?: Ada apa? 52. What’s up: Ada apa? 53. Get my drift?: Paham maksudnya? 54. Get out of it/get outta it/drop it: Sudah lupakan saja. 55. Get off my back: Sudahlah jangan menggangguku. 56. I catch up to you: Nanti aku menyusul. 57. I’ll keep my fingers crossed: Saya akan doakan. 58. Fortnight: Dua mingguan. 59. Hasta lavista, baby: Selamat tinggal sayang. 60. You gotta kick the habbit: Kamu harus menghentikan kebiasaan itu. 61. What’s got into ya? : Ada apa denganmu? 62. Take it easy: Santai saja. 63. Spit it out: Cepat katakanlah. 64. Snap out of it : Sadarlah. 65. Must have got up on the wrong side of bed: Mimpi apa semalam? 66. Nice one: Ungkapan sinis terhadap pekerjaan yang salah. 67. It’s piece of cake : Ini gampang sekali. 68. Give me/Gimme : Beri saya/kasih saya. 69. It has really pissed me out/get on my case : Benar-benar menjengkelkan. 70. Vibe check: Apa kabar?/Bagaimana keadaanmu?
Slang Bahasa Inggris untuk Mengungkapkan Noun alias Kata Benda dan Artinya
Nah, kalau daftar slang di bawah ini bisa dikategorikan sebagai kata-kata gaul yang termasuk ke dalam noun. Ada apa saja, sih?
124. Pipe down: Dia. 125. Cap: Kebohongan. 126. No cap: Kejujuran. 127. La la land: Tempat yang luar biasa. 128. Bad egg: Pembuat onar. 129. Dodgy : Ilegal, ada yang salah di sini. 130. Long streak of piss: Orang tinggi kurus. 131. Hunky-Dory: Normal-normal aja. 132. No hassle: Tidak apa-apa. 133. On about: Bahas, bicarakan. 134. Jam sandwich: Mobil polisi. 135. Just about: Hampir. 136. Get a clue: Berhati-hati.
Slang Bahasa Inggris dalam Bentuk Kalimat dan Artinya
Kalau sudah membaca slang words di atas, kamu bisa melihat beberapa contoh pengaplikasiannya dalam kalimat, nih. Dibaca ya!
137. “I like this music, it so lit me up.” (Aku suka musik ini, ini sangat keren.) 138. “Well, blow me. I can’t believe you got an A on that impossible test!” (Aku terkesan. Aku tidak percaya kamu mendapatkan nilai A pada tes yang mustahil itu.) 139. “He promises to change were all crap.” (Dia berjanji untuk berubah, itu omong kosong.) 140. “She is hella beautiful.“ (Dia sangat cantik.) 141. “This job is easy peasy, I can even do something harder than this.” (Pekerjaan ini sangat mudah, aku bahkan bisa mengerjakan sesuatu yang lebih sulit dari ini.) 142. “You can do it because you are da bomb.” (Kamu pasti bisa karena kamu luar biasa.) 143. “Who’s the hot shot here?” (Siapa yang terbaik di sini?) 144. “That was really a nice shot, man. Bingo!” (Itu benar-benar tembakan yang bagus, kawan. Tepat sekali!) 145. “Look that girl, she is such a rocket actress!” (Lihat gadis itu, dia artis yang luar biasa.) 146. “Last night’s party was dull!” (Pesta semalam membosankan!) 147. “I am so knackered because of an exercise.” (Aku sangat lelah karena latihan.) 148. “Do you know why this event is so blinding?” (Apakah kamu tau mengapa acara ini sangat menakjubkan?) 149. “It’s bugger all if you will leave me.” (Tidak apa-apa jika kamu ingin meninggalkan aku.)
Slang Bahasa Inggris dalam Satu Kata dan Artinya
Slang words ini hanya terdiri dari satu kata dan biasanya akan sangat berbeda dengan makna asli yang terdapat di kamus bahasa Inggris. Ini dia list-nya:
1. Diddle: Berbohong. 2. Dinosaur: Sangat tua. 3. Grub: Makanan. 4. Salty: Bosan, Lebay/berlebihan. 5. Fishy: Mencurigakan. 6. Lowkey: Diam-diam. 7. Tea: Bergosip atau menceritakan sesuatu. 8. Dull: Membosankan, yang itu-itu saja. 9. Lit: Menunjukkan perasaan dan ekspresi menyenangkan. 10. Stan: Mengidolakan sesuatu atau menyukai sesuatu. 11. Peanuts: Murah. 12. Ace: Sesuatu yang hebat, keren. 13. Phat: Bagus sekali.
14. Chuffed: Senang. 15. Brill: Singkatan dari brilliant alias hebat, keren banget. 16. Bomb: Sangat mahal. 17. Iffy: Meragukan. 18. Gumshoe: Detektif. 19. Knackered: Lelah luar biasa, tepar, capek sekali. 20. Bounce: Berangkat. 21. Yes-men : Orang penurut. 22. Wangle: Sangat beruntung. 23. Walrus: Gemuk dan pendek. 24. Fore: Awas. 25. Egghead: Orang pandai. 26. Dude: Kata sapaan yang artinya ‘Bung’. 27. Cheers: Sebagai ucapan terimakasih. 28. Skive : Alasan dibuat-buat untuk bolos kerja. 29. Mate, buddy, pal, bro, sis: Teman, geng, sohib. 30. Kip : Tidur singkat. 31. Mug : Wajah. 32. Boujee : Mewah/kaya. 33. Bussin’: Menakjubkan. 34. Drip: Modis/Bergaya baru. 35. Extra: Penuh drama/cari perhatian. 36. Rent-free: Terobsesi pada seseorang/sesuatu. 37. Shook: Tertegun/Terkejut.
Menambah kosakata slang words bakal lebih afdol kalau langsung dari ahlinya. Nah, di English Academy ada native speaker alias pengajar internasional yang bisa mengajarimu materi bahasa Inggris secara interaktif dan tatap muka! Cobain kelas gratisnya dulu, yuk!
Slang Bahasa Inggris yang Menunjukkan Sifat atau Keadaan Seseorang dan Suatu Hal
Pada bagian ini, kamu akan menemukan banyak sekali istilah yang bisa dipakai untuk menggambarkan sifat, sikap, keadaan seseorang, atau kondisi suatu hal. Check this out!
71. In a funk: Depresi. 72. Ass out: Bokek (tidak punya uang). 73. In the pink: Sehat. 74. Airhead: Orang bodoh. 75. Good at: Mahir. 76. Break out: Menyebar secara luas dan tiba-tiba. 77. Chill out: Tenang. 78. Ants in your pants: Grogi. 79. Don’t have kittens: Jangan gugup. 80. Brass monkeys: Sangat dingin. 81. Back on your feet: Baru sembuh. 82. One foot in the grave: Sekarat. 83. Cold feet: Takut. 84. I’m in trouble/I’m in hot water: Aku sedang kesulitan. 85. Balls-up: Tidak sesuai rencana, hancur, berantakan. 86. Don’t screw up on this stupid issue: Jangan meributkan soal kecil seperti ini. 87. Blow chunks: Muntah/sakit. 88. Burn out: Capek sekali. 89. Buy the farm: Mati. 90. Collywobbles: Sakit perut karena tegang, demam panggung. 91. Gobsmacked: Terpukau, nggak menyangka akan suatu hal yang terjadi. 92. Hillbilly: Orang udik atau norak. 93. Gutted: Sedih tak berujung (contoh karena berakhirnya hubungan dengan si doi). 94. I’m sweating like a pig: Aku berkeringat. 95. I’m stuck on her/ him: Aku tergila-gila padanya. 96. Hit the spot: Bagus sekali. 97. He is a fox: Dia ganteng. 98. Lost the plot: Sangat marah, habis kesabaran. 99. Lurgy: Tidak enak badan. 100. Zit face /pizza face: Wajah berjerawat. 101. Zonked: Amat sangat lelah. 102. Sod it: Menyerah, tidak mau tahu lagi. 103. Party-pooper: Orang yang bersenang-senang di atas penderitaan orang lain. 104. In someone’s hair: Mengganggu orang terus. 105. On cloud nine: Sangat gembira. 106. Out like a light: Cepat sekali tidurnya.
Slang Words Bahasa Inggris Versi American English
Well, sebenarnya slang words yang sudah kamu baca di atas merupakan campuran antara British English dan juga American English. Nah, jangan khawatir, di bawah ini kamu bisa mengetahui slang bahasa Inggris yang khusus dan biasa digunakan oleh warga Amerika dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya. Let’s see!
150. To bail: Buru-buru. 151. Buck: Dollar (mata uang dollar). 152. By the skin of my teeth: Hampir saja. 153. Creep = Orang aneh. 154. Stalker: Seseorang yang terus-menerus mengikuti kamu dengan cara yang menyebalkan. 155. Couch potato: Orang malas yang menghabiskan sebagian besar waktunya untuk melakukan hal-hal yang bisa dilakukan sambil duduk di sofa. 156. For real = Kejujuran, yang sebenarnya. 157. To get busted: Tertangkap. 158. To have a blast: Bersenang-senang melakukan sesuatu. 159. Epic fail: Gagal total. 160. Goof off: Bermain main, menghabiskan waktu. 161. Too cold shoulder: Cuek, dingin. 162. To crash: Tertidur pulas dengan cepat. 163. Hangout: Nongkrong. 164. Feel blue: Merasa sedih. 165. Bored to death: Bosan minta ampun. 166. No bargain: Tidak laku/jomblo akut. 167. Alter cocker: Tua-tua keladi. 168. Back alley: Daerah kumuh. 169. Greenie: Pendatang baru. 170. High hat: Tinggi hati. 171. Deadly one: Sangat menentukan. 172. Bat outta hell: Secepat kilat. 173. Real hunk: Ganteng. 174. Pop the question: Melamar. 175. Grumpy: Cerewet. 176. Gimme a buzz: Telepon aku. 177. Rush hour: Jam sibuk. 178. Gotcha: Ya, ya/mengerti. 179. Clown around: Melucu. 180. Beat the bond: Membuat kegaduhan. 181. Down in the dumps: Frustrasi. 182. Cook up: Bersiaplah. 183. Lucky dog: Orang yang beruntung. 184. Fatso: Gembrot. 185. Eagle day: Tanggal muda. 186. Puppy love: Cinta monyet. 187. Chicken: Penakut. 188. Finsta: Palsu/Akun Instagram diprivat. 189. Flex: Pamer. 190. Sus: Curiga. 191. Slay: Unggul/menang dalam sesuatu. 192. Cheugy: Ketinggalan zaman. 193. Fam: Keluarga. 194. Sick: Keren, mantap. 195. Shady: Curiga. 196. Dank: Sangat baik. 197. Flakey: Ragu. 198. W: Menang. 199. L: Kalah. 200. Grub: Makanan.
Yak, dari ratusan slang words di atas, kira-kira mana slang bahasa Inggris yang sering kamu gunakan saat mengobrol dengan teman? Tulis di kolom komentar, yuk!
Oh ya, perlu diingat kalau kamu nggak bisa sembarangan menggunakan bahasa slang words pada orang yang tidak dikenal. Jadi, pastikan untuk menerapkannya pada obrolan dengan teman dekat saja ya, guys.
Btw, mengetahui slang words untuk lancar berbahasa Inggris kayaknya nggak cukup, deh. It will be good kalau kita bisa menguasai bahasa gaul dan juga bahasa formal. Sederhananya, sih, kita harus memahami bahasa Inggris baik secara akademik maupun non-akademik.
Kabar baiknya, English Academy bisa jadi solusi atas kegelisahan kamu selama ini.
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Indonesian slang vernacular (Indonesian: bahasa gaul, Betawi: basa gaul), or Jakarta colloquial speech (Indonesian: bahasa informal, bahasa sehari-hari) is a term that subsumes various urban vernacular and non-standard styles of expression used throughout Indonesia that are not necessarily mutually intelligible. Regional slang from the capital of Jakarta, based on Betawi language, is however heavily exposed and promoted in national media, and considered the de facto Indonesian slang.[citation needed] Despite its direct origins, Indonesian slang often differs quite significantly in both vocabulary and grammatical structure from the most standard form of Indonesia's national language. These expressions are neither standardized nor taught in any formal establishments, but rather function in daily discourse, usually in informal settings. Several dictionaries of bahasa gaul has been published. Indonesian speakers regularly mix several regional slangs in their conversations regardless of origin, but depending on the audience and the familiarity level with the listeners.
It is exactly unclear when the slang was first appeared in conversation. However, the earliest documented use of the slang started during the Dutch colonial era in Indonesia around the 1860s and 1870s. Its native name, bahasa gaul (the 'social language'), was a term coined in the late 1990s where bahasa means 'language' and gaul means 'social', 'cool' or 'trendy'.[1] Similarly, the term bahasa prokem (a more outdated name for Indonesian slang) created in the early 1970s means 'the language of gangsters'.[2] Prokem is a slang form of the word préman 'gangster' and was derived from the Dutch word vrijman, which literally means 'freeman'.[2][3]
Indonesian slang is predominantly used in everyday conversation, social milieus, among popular media and, to a certain extent, in teen publications or pop culture magazines.[2] For those living in more urbanized regions of Indonesia, Indonesian slang language often functions as the primary language medium for communication in daily life.[2] While it would be unusual to communicate orally with people on a casual basis with very formal Indonesian, the use of proper or 'good and correct' Indonesian (bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar) is abundant in the media, government bodies, schools, universities, workplaces, amongst some members of the Indonesian upper-class or nobility and also in many other more formal situations.[3]
Indonesian slang has evolved rapidly. This is, in part, due to its vocabulary that is often so different from that of standard Indonesian and Malaysian and also because so many new words (both original and foreign) are quite easily incorporated into its increasingly wide vocabulary list. However, as with any language, the constant changing of the times means that some words become rarely used or are rendered obsolete as they are considered to be outdated or no longer follow modern day trends.[3]
At present, there is no formal classification for Indonesian slang language but it is purportedly and erroneously claimed by many to be essentially a manipulated and popularized form of the Indonesian (the national language of Indonesia). This is not true in the case of Jakartan bahasa gaul, as it is primarily based on the Betawi language.
Indonesian is part of the Western Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian languages. According to the Ethnologue, Indonesian is modelled after Riau Malay, a form of Old Malay originally spoken in Northeast Sumatra.[4] Betawi language is classified as Malay-based creole.
